Law Enforcement Challenges

| Law Enforcement Challenges| [Type the report subtitle]| | Law Enforcement Challenges| | Cheryl TraceyProfessor Gregory BlancheCIS 170 Information Technology in Criminal Justice| 11/26/2012| | There are numerous difficulties law authorization organizations face when researching web abuse, digital following, and vulgarity. Barely any difficulties incorporate covering exertion, absence of subsidizing, covering purviews, and priority.The motivation behind this paper is to clarify in detail the best test law implementation organizations examining abuse, digital following, and foulness, the particular difficulties with covering of wards and answers for beating these difficulties, and to talk about if states ought to be able to work with each other when a digital wrongdoing is done across state lines. I feel like the best test law requirement offices face in examining misuse, digital following, and vulgarity is issues with proof and identification. â€Å"Data on the PC can be erased, cha nged, or decimated. (Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, Holt, 2012). It is significant for proof to be gathered, safeguarded, and inspected immediately. By and large, 24 hours ends up being past the point where it is possible to recoup non-altered proof. â€Å"Some PCs have programmed cleaning programs in the event that a renewed individual contacts an inappropriate key on the console. † (http://www. supremecourt. gov. pk/ijc/Articles/10/2. pdf). Digital crime scene investigation specialists requires exceptional instruments which will have the option to get to any information accessible on the mass stockpiling media including erased records and information in unallocated plate areas.Although time is of the embodiment, it is significant that law implementation organizations adhere to the pursuit and seizures laws. A warrant must be given first before any proof can be assembled, looked, or surveyed. A significant test to law requirement offices are covering wards. For instance, †Å"a digital stalker may dwell in an alternate city or even state than the person in question, making it hard for one office to research. †(Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, Holt, 2012).Obtaining help from out of state organizations can be restricted because of the conditions. Digital hoodlums can work across the nation. This is the reason law authorization organizations need to work with neighborhood authorities, outside governments, and different offices. A few offices will work with different offices just if the wrongdoing is not kidding enough. To tackle these issues, I would have it to where every office has a division only for cybercrimes and every organization has ward to work with each other. Purview laws would no longer exist for cybercrimes.I feel states ought to be able to work with each other when a cybercrime is completed across state lines. Particularly in situations where digital tormenting, youngster sex entertainment, digital following, or extortion is occurring. I figure everybody should cooperate to attempt to battle a wide range of wrongdoing. Taking everything into account, our nearby government needs to actualize laws and methodology to cooperate on each kind of wrongdoing. I feel just as locale ought to have nothing to do with rather to seek after a wrongdoing or not.Cybercrimes ought to be a primary goal and attempt and consider approaches to have an observing framework may certain words composed on the web further examination should be finished. Reference: Taylor, R. W. , Fritsch, E. J. , Liederbach, J. , and Holt, T. J. (2011). Ditigal wrongdoing and computerized fear based oppression. (Second ed. , pp. 180-182). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Learing Solutions. http://www. supremecourt. gov. pk/ijc/Articles/10/2. pdf http://www. naavi. organization/cl_editorial_04/edit_6_jan_04_01. htm

Is the U.S. seeking to contain China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Is the U.S. Looking to Contain China - Essay Example Such moves are viewed as a danger to the security and solidness of the locale and a conscious endeavor by China to affirm its control over its neighbors. This activity incited the U.S to develop a seaward union with other military powers in the eastern and southern outskirts of China, for example, Japan and South Korea. The U.S additionally shaped the SEATO and ANZUS bargains which connected up nations, for example, Thailand, Philippines, Australia and New Zealand as its partners in the period somewhere in the range of 1949 and 1969. It kept up army installations in these districts and furthermore went to the degree of urging them to shun going into political ties with China. Be that as it may, throughout the years the Chinese have figured out how to make an alliance with a portion of its neighbors who are devoted to containing Chinese force. Strikingly, these alliance accomplices incorporate South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines every one of whom beforehand were U.S partners. This is a few circles can be seen as a purposeful move by the Chinese government to move into the region recently involved by the Americans. Such moves are further fuelling strains of the goals of such a mission for force and predominance by China. Moreover, the Chinese consistent dangers to Japan over the island contest in the midst of the as of now increased strains made by its military powers are not helping the circumstance. These islands called Diaoyo by the Chinese and Senkaku by the Japanese has introduced another ascent to likely hostilities and security precariousness particularly considering Chinas firm remain regarding the matter. These dangers to Japan additionally h eightened when the Chines focused on a Japanese boat with its weapons radar, a circumstance that didn't go unmentioned when Japans PM gave a harsh reaction naming that move as dangerous.â

Transfer App Is Live

Transfer App Is Live Ahoy! I hope you arrr having a great September. The MIT Transfer Application is live and available for download. A few important notes and reminders: The transfer application deadline is November 15. (There will be another cycle in the Spring with a February 15 deadline.) There is no online application for MIT transfer. To apply, you should print, complete, and mail the MIT Transfer Application to MIT Admissions. Students who are admitted in this transfer cycle would begin MIT in the Spring Semester of 2013. (See the Academic Calendar.) This deadline is only available for US citizens and permanent residents. Students without US citizenship or permanent residency should apply in the Spring for entry in the Fall of 2013. To enter MIT as a transfer student, you must have completed at least 1 but no more than 2.5 years at another university. Transfer admission is extremely competitive. The answers to many of your questions can be found on the Transfer Admissions section of our website. What questions do you have that we can help with? Best wishes for your application!

Life Changing Experience Essay - 1012 Words

My life changing experience all began on June 3, 2014 when I was a Freshman in high school and things weren’t going the best. Struggles through high school are very common but for me I dealt with things I couldn’t even handle. I struggled relentlessly all through high school and with my home life as well , but I was never prepared for what happened that summer when I was 14. Growing up everyone argues and fights with their parents, some don’t even have functioning relationships with their parents. However for or me, my dad wasn’t really around and my mother struggled with addiction. Things began to take a turn for the worst on Mothers’ Day, when I had come home from being over my best friend, Paige’s house all weekend. I knew that†¦show more content†¦Once outside I justified why I left, what occurred that night, and why I was going to continue to stay with Karen. They took me down to the station where I told them about my previous family issues, in which they later agreed to let me go back to Paige’s home. The very next day I was sitting in Biology class when I had gotten a text from both Paige and her mom saying all but four words, â€Å"everything will be okay†. But by that time I knew it wasn’t. And this is where my involuntary Foster Care story begins. I was placed into a group home on June 3rd 2014, and that’s where my life began to change. One can only imagine how that must feel and as much as I was upset, scared, angry and so on, I tried to keep it contained. I never thought it could ever get to that point, but while I was there I met my foster sister who later became a really close friend, Kerri. As you could imagine when I first got there and even for the following couple of weeks, I was reticent and closed off. I had never been in a situation like this and I just wanted to be with my best friend where i felt safe. Over the course of 7 months, I went through many court dates and a tremendous amount of anguish. I went about 5 months without talking to my mother and it was truly torture some, especially not be able to go home. Many things came my way while I was away and over the course of time I became close with Kerri andShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Life Changing Experience984 Words   |  4 Pages First day of the rest of my life, my stomach is in knots and I can’t seem to do anything with my hair. I have all my pens, papers, notebooks and other miscellaneous items stuffed into my brand new blue book bag. My mother is down stairs on the patio drinking her morning tea watching the world wake up. I gave my brand new shoes a quick shine, checked my hair about three more times each time finding something new wrong. Mother yells at me from down stairs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" You’re going to miss the bus!† Read MoreLife Changing Experience Essay566 Words   |  3 PagesLife Changing Experience About one year ago I had a life changing experience, a trip to a little town called Kerry on the outskirts of Dublin, Ireland. It was the most beautiful place that I have ever seen. Being in the presence of such beauty helped me see life from a different perspective. I was just going to be happy, appreciate what I have, be open-minded, not take anything for granted, and love everyone and everything. When I came back from Ireland I was truly happy, nothing couldRead More Divorce is a Life Changing Experience Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pages Divorce: a personal life changing experience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this ring I thee wed†¦. For better or worse, for richer or poorer†¦. Traditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have childrenRead MoreThe Life Changing Experience of Caregiving Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life Changing Experience of Caregiving My interpretation of caregiving and the extensive role a caregiver plays transformed while reading Emily Abel’s novel, Hearts of Wisdom. When interviewing my grandmother, Marjorie Waguespack, her personal experiences reinforced many of the vital factors Abel believes are involved in caregiving. Caregiving includes major rewarding aspects from varying standpoints. Emily Abel wholeheartedly believes, â€Å"the three major components of care—instrumental, spiritualRead MoreDivorce a Life Changing Experience Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesDivorce: a personal life changing experience With this ring I thee wedÂ…. For better or worse, for richer or poorerÂ…. Traditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have children andRead MoreEssay on Hospice: My Life Changing Experience740 Words   |  3 Pagesnever forget what happened to me and my family since the time my mom was diagnosed with cancer. Because my mom had cancer for a good portion of my childhood, I became very mature, gained a new respect for people, and I have developed a new outlook on life. I had to become very mature very quickly after my mom got sick. My mom was diagnosed with stage three colon cancer in 2008. I was only eleven years old. It was shocking to me because I was still a little girl, and I was worry free and happy. HavingRead MoreEssay about A Diagnosis of Cancer is Life Changing Experience589 Words   |  3 PagesA diagnosis of cancer is life changing and affects the whole family. It has been documented in some studies that family members experience equal if not higher levels of anxiety or depression than the cancer patient themselves (Hacialioglu et al, 2010). Hasson et al (2010) found that spouses of patients who had been diagnosed with advanced breast cancer reported more psychological distress than patients and were above the clinical cutoff. These results are comparable with a study carried out by HodgesRead MoreLife Changing Experience: When She Flirted with Him Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesOne moment could have changed my life forever. Everyt hing I had or hadnt done, said or hadnt said ultimately was a big factor in what happened the moment my heart truly skipped a beat. For I knew that in that moment, I had to stand helplessly by while I let him take his course meanwhile praying that the time that we had spent together had earned me a special place in his heart. I prayed that Id shown him just how much he spoke to my heart and that my heart had spoken to him in some way. We allRead MoreAnalysis of Joel L. Swerdlow’s 2001 Essay, â€Å"Changing America738 Words   |  3 PagesIn Joel L. Swerdlow’s 2001 essay, â€Å"Changing America,† he writes about the current cultural differences among kids in high school. He goes on to talk about how you can gather a large variety of kids, coming from all over the world, yet they still somehow manage to develop the same â€Å"American Teenager† attitude toward life. The essay talks about how people used to view America as a â€Å"melting pot† of na tions, and how over time that view is starting to change. America was founded on change. Past revolutionsRead MoreIdeas Of Personal Identity, Human Nature, And Reality877 Words   |  4 PagesMy aim in this essay is to analyze in this order the ideas of personal identity, human nature, and reality. The following essays and films will be analyzed: Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons, The Selfish Cooperator, Does the Real World Exist, Transfer, I Am and The Signal. In Derek Parfit s Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons, we learn that personal identity is ever changing, whereas in Richard Dawkin s essay The Selfish Cooperator we are taught that human nature is circumstantial

The Irish Easter Rebellion 1916 Essay - 2309 Words

The 1916 Irish Easter Uprising Ever since the occupation of Ireland by the English began in 1169, Irish patriots have fought back against British rule, and the many Irish rebellions and civil wars had always been defeated. To quash further rebellion, the Act of Union was imposed in 1800, tying Ireland to the United Kingdom of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Laws discriminating against Catholics and the handling of the Irish Potato Famine of 1845-50 led to increased tension and the proposal of introducing Home Rule gained support. In 1913 there was a general strike of workers in Dublin led by James Connolly of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union (I.T.G.W.U.). This action was followed by the 1913 Lock-Out during which†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦they have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace. It was a call for a blood sacrifice in order to free Ireland from British rule. In organising an uprising, the funeral was proof that the Volunteers could organise when secretly directed by the I.R.B. and on St. Patrick’s Day (17th March), Connolly took his Citizen Army on a tour of key Dublin sites which could be used as strategic strongholds during an uprising. However, there were many difficulties in organising and executing such a rebellion and one thing the rebels needed were weapons. Sir Roger Casement had organised for a shipment of as many as 200,000 rifles to be smuggled into Ireland on a â€Å"neutral† German freighter, the Aud. But when Casement arrived in Ireland on a German submarine he was arrested immediately and the freighter was intercepted by the Royal Navy and scuttled itself. Another attempt was made to gain large quantities of arms and ammunition during the actual uprising from the arsenal at Phoenix Park known as Magazine Fort. However this was not very successful and the rebels seized only a few rifles. Throughout the organisation of the rebellion, Eoin MacNeill, leader of the minority Volunteers had to be kept in the dark about the I.R.B.’s plans because he believed that his Irish Volunteers should only rise in arms if a BritishShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Great War1553 Words   |  7 Pagesentrance into the First World War. Irish members of Parliament that had been pushing for Home Rule for many years finally saw their plans come to fruition, only to be stalled by the outbreak of the Great War. This war was costly, and required significant support from the United Kingdom and it’s respective colonies. The actions of the British government helped to fuel radical nationalist attitudes across Ireland, which led to the eventual Easter Revolution in Dublin in 1916. The suspension of Home RuleRead MoreThe Easter Rising of 1916 Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Easter Rising of 1916 The Easter Rising of 1916 had profound and far-reaching effects on Irelands subsequent history. It has been referred to as The Irish War for Independence and was the pivotal event in ultimately securing independence for the Republic of Ireland. For centuries, Ireland had been under English rule, the English perceiving the Irish to be barbarians who had to be tamedRead MoreRebellion Analysis: Good or Bad?855 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102 TEACHER NAME HERE 2 October 2012 Analyzation of Rebellion: Good or Bad? William Butler Yeatss poems Easter 1916 and The Second Coming each portray the theme of rebellion. However, rebellion is not always heroic and these two poems clash with one another to prove this point. Easter 1916 contains text which presents rebellion as a positive action; whereas, The Second Coming makes the reader believe rebellion only leads to pure chaos and disorder until the end of time. In additionRead More Causes of the Easter Uprising Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Easter Uprising In the mid 1800s the course of Irish history was changed forever. The Irish were devastated by The Great Potato Famine of the mid to late 1800s. Population declined from over eight million people in 1840 to under 4.5 million in 1900 due to death and immigration (O’Rourke 2). The poorer Irish people, unlike many British citizens, relied almost entirely on agriculture. The Irish immigration not only affected Ireland and Britain, but its affects were felt over much ofRead More Easter Uprising in Ireland Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesEaster Uprising in Ireland On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a force of Irishmen attempted to seize Dublin, with the ultimate intention of eliminating British rule and creating a completely independent Ireland. Their leaders, such as Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, knew that they were destined to die, but saw the importance of independence, thus the rebellion was inevitable. In the eyes of many the rebellion was a complete failure, with the loss of lives and damage of buildings, but in theRead MoreProclamation of the Irish Republic1131 Words   |  5 Pages Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 24 April 1916 â€Å"Proclamation of the Irish Republic† was one of the more important aspects in the Easter Rising. It ´s a historic – circumstantial text. In order to maintain secrecy the Proclamation of the Irish Republic was printed out on a hand press a few hours before the Rising. It was produced in two sections and due to the shortage of lettering, the letter â€Å"e† had to be improvised, standing out for the rest of the text. Easter Rising has a special meaningRead MoreEssay on The Easter Uprising of 19161369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Easter Uprising of 1916 The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that Ireland had too much independence and made the Act of Union. â€Å"The resultRead MoreYeats Speech Assessment – Jack El Khoury In his poetry Yeats combines a commitment to Irish themes700 Words   |  3 Pagescommitment to Irish themes with an explanation of his own psyche and an account of his own spiritual quest – Seamus Heaney. In light of your critical study, how does this statement resonant with your own interpretation of Easter 1916 and at least ONE other poem set for study? Good morning Mrs Jacobs and Mr Lynch, Today I am here to speak about William Butler Yeats, a renowned Irish poet, who within his poetry, is known to present an explanation of his own psyche in conjunction with the Irish themes thatRead MoreThe Causes Of The Easter Rising Of 19161505 Words   |  7 Pages A variety of causes, both short-term and long-term, led to the Easter Rising of 1916. One single reason cannot be attributed to the armed insurrection. Instead, the combination of many factors led to the Irish Republican Brotherhood’s (IRB) decision to organize the event. In addition to reacting to the indignation felt by Irish republicans since the passing of the Acts of Union in 1800, the IRB also decided that the distraction caused by World War 1 created the ideal time to stage a revolution.Read MoreW.B. Yeats September 1913 and Easter 1916 Poem Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesW.B. Yeats September 1913 and Easter 1916 Poem Throughout many of his poems, W.B Yeats portrayed important aspects of Ireland’s history especially around the 1900’s when Ireland was fighting for independence. During this time, Ireland was going through an agonizing time of struggle. The Employers’ Federation decided to lock out their workers in order to break their resistance.

Supply Chains Free Essays

Question #2-Define the supply chains for the following products from the first source of raw materials to the first customer. A) Big Mac, B) Gasoline, C) Automobile repair, D) A Text book. Supply chain, its management, performance measures and improvement approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chains or any similar topic only for you Order Now As an extension of the systems point of view, the system dynamics inherent in the supply chain are illustrated and the coordination in the supply chain is emphasized. Five areas where measurement of supply chain performance should be made are discussed. The five areas are on-time delivery, quality, time (business cycle) total delivered cost and flexibility. The first step in devising an effective supply chain is to consider the nature of demand for the product. For this many aspects are important: Product life cycle, demand predictability, product variety etc. But any product can be broadly classified into as either a Functional Product or an Innovative Product based on their demand patterns. Root cause for ineffectiveness of any supply chain is the mismatch between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Functional Products are generally staples or those generally bought from the grocery stores or retail outlets. They have stable demands are price variations do not affect the demand drastically. Such products have long life cycles but they invite competition and usually have low profit margins. The supply chain performs two different types of functions: 1) A physical function and 2) A market mediation function. The physical function deals with production for goods, movement of raw materials etc; while the market mediation function ensures that the variety of products reaching the marketplace match those that the consumers want to buy. Each of these functions incurs different costs. The physical costs include costs of production, inventory shortage and transportation while the market mediation costs arise when there is a mismatch between demand and supply. If supply demand, the product has to be sold at a loss otherwise it results in loss of opportunities and dissatisfied customers. Supply chain management is planning, design and control of the flow of information and materials along the supply chain in order to meet customer requirements in an efficient manner, now and in the future. Demand management is managing the demand for goods or services along the supply chain. Therefore, demand management is complementary to supply chain management and controls the levels of demand on the system. Big-Mac – (1) Suppliers of beef, vegetables, bread (2) Factories and distribution centers, (3) The franchises that sell Big Mac, (4) The customers. Raw materials- The raw materials are the ingredients that will go into producing the finished product. For McDonald’s, these will include the buns, beef patties, paper cups, salad ingredients and packaging. These are delivered to the restaurants between 3 and 5 times a week. The raw materials arrive together on one heavy truck with three sections so that each product can be stored at a suitable temperature. The three sections are: frozen†¢ chilled†¢ ambient – which means foods that can be stored at room temperature. This applies to items such as coffee or sugar sachets. Work-in-progress (WIP) refers to stocks that are in the process of being made into finished product. A Big Mac consists of a bun, two beef patties, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, sauce and a small amount of seasoning. The restaurant will only combine these items just before the customer orders them so the Big Macs are hot and fresh when served. Finished products are goods that are ready for immediate sale to a customer. At any one time, a restaurant will have a range of products ready for sale. Many of these will include finished products like Filet-o-Fish, Big Macs and side salads. At McDonald’s, all raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products are handled on first In, First out (FIFO) basis. This means raw materials are used in the order they are received. Therefore stock is always fresh because products are sold in the order they are made. If the process First In, Last out (FILO) was used, then the finished product would be dry and unappealing because the first one prepared is the last one sold temperature. Benefits to customers and restaurants – The centralized stock management system generates many benefits. Many of these are for restaurants and Restaurant Managers. However, customers also benefit through improved customer experience – customers can eat a quality product, in a clean environment, when they want it. Benefits include: 1. Restaurants avoid running out of stock. As a result, customers can always receive what they order. 2. The system eliminates inexperience in the ordering. The system enables a new Restaurant Manager to ensure the order is right first time. 3. Time saved in ordering as the system calculates how much is required. 4. Orders are based on the current stocks. The Restaurant Manager simply inputs the current stock level. 5. Less waste means food costs are reduced. This cost saving is then passed on in better value for money for customers. 6. The amount of stock ordered for promotions is more accurate, being based on past performance. 7. There is a reduction in the need for emergency deliveries, saving money. . Stock levels are always at Optimum level, helping to ensure sales and the freshest product. 9. Stock can be reduced automatically at the end of a promotion, avoiding too much stock. Gasoline – Different stages in petroleum supply chain: Exploration Production Refining marketing Consumer. Exploration: Seismic, geophysical and geological operations. Production: Drilling, reser voir, production and facilities engineering. Refining: is a complex operation and its output is the input to marketing. Marketing: is the retail sale of gasoline, engine oil and other refined products. Oil drilling-Before petroleum can be used, it is sent to a refinery where it is physically, thermally and chemically separated into fractions and then converted into finished products. About 90% of these products are fuels such as gasoline, aviation fuels, distillate and residual oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coke (not the refreshment) and kerosene. Refineries also produce non-fuel products, including petrochemicals, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, solvents and wax. Petrochemicals (ethylene, propylene, benzene and others) are shipped to chemical plants, where they are used to manufacture chemicals and plastics. There are two major sectors within the oil industry, upstream and downstream. For the purposes of this tutorial we will focus on upstream, which is the process of extracting the oil and refining it. Downstream is the commercial side of the business, such as gas stations or the delivery of oil for heat. Oil Drilling and Services- Oil drilling and services are broken into two major areas: drilling and oilfield services. Drilling – Drilling companies physically drill and pump oil out of the ground. The drilling industry has always been classified as highly skilled. The people with the skills and expertise to operate drilling equipment are in high demand, which means that for oil company to have these people on staff all the time can cost a lot. For this reason, most drilling companies are simply contractors who are hired by oil and gas producers for a specified period of time. In the drilling industry, there are several different types of rigs, each with a specialized purpose. Some of these include: Land Rigs – Drilling depths ranges from 5,000 to 30,000 feet. Submersible Rigs – Used for ocean, lake and swamp drilling. The bottom parts of these Rigs are: submerged to the sea’s floor and the platform are on top of the water. Jack-ups – this type of rig has three legs and a triangular platform which is jacked-up above the highest anticipated waves. Drill Ships – These look like tankers/ships, but they travel the oceans in search of oil in extremely deep water. Oilfield Services – Oilfield service companies assist the drilling companies in setting up oil and gas wells. In general these companies manufacture, repair and maintain equipment used in oil extraction and transport. More specifically, these services can include: Seismic Testing – This involves mapping the geological structure beneath the surface. Transport Services – Both land and water rigs need to be moved around at some point in time. Oil Refining – The refining business is not quite as fragmented as the drilling and services industry. This sector is dominated by a small handful of large players. In fact, much of the energy industry is ruled by large, integrated oil companies. Integrated refers to the fact that many of these companies look after all factors of production, refining and marketing. For the most part, refining is a slow and stable business. The large amounts of capital investment means that very few companies can afford to enter this business. This handbook will try to focus more on oil equipment and services such as drilling and support services. Oil and gas: Unique supply chain – In the oil and gas supply chain, process control has historically included safety solutions, such as fire detectors and high-integrity pressure protection systems, but not physical security, such as intrusion detection, access control, and video surveillance. Nor have these facilities employed considered abnormal situation management or cyber security. All of these elements of safety and security are important; each has unique business and technical challenges. Generally, there are no industry standards or norms for an integrated safety and security solution applied within the oil and gas supply chain. For example, there is no standard for interfacing access control or perimeter intrusion alarms with process control systems. Additionally, the systems in many facilities come from separate vendors and different business dynamics often apply. Security technology now applied in industrial sites, for example, originates from commercial building security technology, which may not be suitable for an industrial facility or geographically distributed pipeline. There are also unique internal conditions that present challenges. These conditions include lower staff ratios, unmanned installations, widely dispersed assets, significant use of unsecured public telecommunications infrastructure, exposable products, and low technology maturity. Distribution Planning: Generating operational plans for distribution. These modules are supported by various enablers that facilitate planning activity that include: (1) Supply Chain Database (SCD), (2) Geographical Information System (GIS), (3) Data Interfaces The production and the Supply and Distribution (SD) structure forms the basis on which the optimized plan for the entire organization is generated. This corporate plan is communicated to distribution modules and the production planning modules to generate operational plans . The optimized plan for the entire corporation is also used as a basis for feedstock selection runs. GIS can be used to obtain the distances between locations, which are used as a basis for freight calculation. Raw Material Supplies: Process industry has limited choice of suppliers for raw material supplies in petroleum industry are dominated by cartels. It is a sellers market where supply of raw material prices is highly unstable and fluctuating on weekly or even daily basis. Fluctuating prices directly affect the supply chain costs and prices of final product. Automobile repair- suppliers of automobile repair tools and parts: warehouses for the parts, repair shops, customers’ cars. Raw Materials – Glass, steel, rubber, plastic, copper, lithium, silicon, aluminum. Some of the raw materials used for cars are: aluminum, steel (body parts), titanium (some exhaust systems) and platinum (inside catalytic converters). It’s always best for the translation services provider to be embedded into the manufacturing supply chain in order to be able to apply understand it from inside and accurately interpret the important aspects of the lucrative international auto parts industry and its successful marketing. Hire professional translators that have knowledge across diverse technical fields. These fields include, but are not limited to: mechanical electrical engineering, automation technology, electronics and microelectronics, navigation systems, board computers, wiring, air conditioning, paneling, service and diagnostics. This would ensure that all the technical terms used in the translation are in accordance to the standards familiar to the local market assembly workers, mechanics, engineers, suppliers and end-customers. Auto parts are built or remanufactured to replace damaged or worn OE parts, while the accessories are parts sold after the original sale of a vehicle intended to add to the comfort, convenience, performance, safety or customization of that vehicle. The Auto parts are shipped using both truck transports and railroads to move vehicles to dealerships, although air freight may be used if critical parts are needed as soon as possible in order to keep an assembly line moving. Offshore exports and imports are handled by ship. In addition to OE and OES parts, shipments also may include auto parts destined for the various national and regional parts distribution networks serving the aftermarket segments of the world. OES parts, like automobile sales, have traditionally been handled through the franchised independent dealership networks in the major markets of the world. In the United States, the National Automobile Dealers Association some franchised for car and truck dealers also separate franchises, both domestic and international. The independent aftermarket distribution networks are much more complex. There are approximately 45,000 companies engaged in the wholesale and retail auto parts. The aftermarket has traditionally consisted of wholesalers who purchase parts and components from the manufacturers; jobbers, intermediaries between wholesale distributors and retail operation; and the retail outlets. They supply for the following areas with an emphasis on hand tools: -Engine repair – high quality engine repair, maintenance and tuning supplies. Auto body tools – tooling and accessories to get cars into shape. -Air conditioning – testing and maintaining a/c systems. -Electrical diagnostic tools – testers and diagnostic equipment for car electric systems and components. -Under-car – adjustment products to steering, brakes, clutch, etc. other Text book – Suppliers of pulp, paper manufacturer, publisher, printing press, bookstores, and customers. A book can be broadly de fined as a written document of at least 49 text pages that communicates thoughts, ideas, or information. Raw Materials-Books are made from a variety of different coated and uncoated paper stocks that differ in weight and size. In addition, different color inks may be used. Also, while front and back covers are generally made from a heavier stock of paper, they will vary in terms of weight. Pulp logs, wood chips, pulp, and recovered paper are the raw materials used to make these paper products. Pulp logs are wood destined to be made into pulp. To make paper, trees are harvested, debarked, and chipped. For example, hardback books have a durable cardboard stock cover while paperback books are made from a thinner paper stock. Usually, cover stocks are coated with different colors or designs. Since the nineteenth century, book production has entailed the use of sophisticated machinery, including typesetting machines, a web or sheet-fed printing press, and book binding machines. Design-The process of designing a book is ongoing throughout the stages of production. Initially, the author, in conjunction with an editor and book agent, will consider elements of design that pertain to the scope and purpose of the book, the desired approach to the subject matter, whether illustrations should be used, and other issues such as chapter headings and their placement. In determining those elements, the intended audience for the manuscript will be considered, along with accepted editorial standards. Other design considerations include whether a book should have a preface, a foreword, a glossary to define specific terms, an index to reference key words and concepts, and an appendix of supplementary material. Once the book manuscript is written, editors and authors must refine the manuscript to attain a final edited version prior to production: page size and style ,typeface size and style ,the type and weight of paper for the text and cover ,use of color ,presentation of visuals/illustrations in the text, if needed ,cover art/illustrations. The Manufacturing Process -After the book is written and appropriate design elements are agreed upon, book production can begin. The first stage typesetting, pages and mechanical, filming, stripping, blueprints, plate is making and them printing Binding. To help ensure that a quality product is produced; print shops conduct a number of periodic checks. In addition to checking blueprints for accuracy, printers will pull a press proof, or sample, before the print run is begun. If certain areas of the proof are too light or too dark, adjustments to the press may be required. After the book signatures are sewn together, the print shop will spot-check them to make sure they have been folded and sewn correctly. They will also check to see if the book covers are properly bound to prevent the books from deteriorating with use. Because desktop publishing is relatively new, changes and enhancements continue to make the systems more user-friendly. As more people gain access to such systems, book publication and publishing in general will see more widespread use of desktop publishing in the future. 16-Explain what is meant by cross-docking, and describe the associated benefits Cross docking is a distribution system where items received at the warehouse are not received into stock, but are prepared for shipment to another location or for retail stores. Cross docking can realize a cost reduction by skipping put away and retrieval steps. Benefits-Many companies have benefitted from using cross docking. Some of the benefits include: -Reduction in labor costs, as the products no longer requires picking and put away in the warehouse. -Reduction in the time from production to the customer, which helps improve customer satisfaction. -Reduction in the need for warehouse space, as there is no requirement to storage the products. Types of Cross Docking -There are a number of cross docking scenarios that are available to the warehouse management. Companies will use the type of cross docking that is applicable to the type of products that they are shipping. Manufacturing Cross Docking – This procedure involves the receiving of purchased and inbound products that are required by manufacturing. The warehouse may receive the products and prepare sub-assemblies for the production orders. -Distributor Cross Docking – This process consolidates inbound products from different vendors into a mixed product pallet, which is delivered to the customer when the final item is received. For example, computer parts distributors can source their components from various vendors and combine them into one shipment for the customer. Transportation Cross Docking – This operation combines shipments from a number of different carriers in the less-than-truckload (LTL) and small package industries to gain economies of scale. -Retail Cross Docking – This process involves the receipt of products from multiple vendors and sorting onto outbound trucks for a number of retail stores. This method was used by Wal-Mart in the 1980’s. They would procure two types of products, items they sell each day of the year, called staple stock, and large quantities products which is purchas ed once and sold by the stores and not usually stocked again. This second type of procurement is called direct freight and Wal-Mart minimize any warehouse costs with direct freight by using cross docking and keeping it in the warehouse for as little time as possible. -Opportunistic Cross Docking – This can be used in any warehouse, transferring a product directly from the goods receiving dock to the outbound shipping dock to meet a known demand, i. e. a customer sales order. Products Suitable for Cross Docking There are materials that are better suited to cross docking than others. The list below shows a number of types of material that are more suited to cross docking. -Perishable items that require immediate shipment -High quality items that do not require quality inspections during goods receipt -Products that are pre-tagged (bar coded, RFID), pre-ticketed, and ready for sale at the customer -Promotional items and items that are being launched. -Staple retail products with a constant demand or low demand variance -Pre-picked, pre-packaged customer orders from another production plant or warehouse How to cite Supply Chains, Papers

IT Infrastructure Management PG

Question: Discuss about the IT Infrastructure Management PG. Answer: KPIs why important? According to Wu (2012), Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a matric of business used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization. KPIs differ per organization; business KPIs may be net revenue or a customer loyalty metric, while government might consider unemployment rates. KPI is used in business intelligence In order to analyse the present business trend and give advice for tactical course of actions. It must have a predefined organizational process and clear business objectives to meet the process. It is an active approach to find enterprise variances. Business intelligence (BI) As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that, Business intelligence is a set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes. It has been found that Business intelligence is capable to handle enormous amount of structured and unstructured data to recognise or develop new business opportunities. Common functions of Business intelligence technologies are such as data mining, business performance management, process mining, complex event processing, text mining, benchmarking and predictive analysis. IT Agility According to Gligor and Holcomb (2012), Agility is the term used in business in order to describe how fast a business can respond to the existing opportunity and threats. IT Agility is how IT will enable business agility, how fast IT will deliver the required effectively and efficiency. IT Agility is the measure of capability to act, recognise and take benefit from changing business circumstances. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a planning method that can help to evaluate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of business entity or a project (Sevkli et al., 2012). SWOT analysis can be conducted for a place, industry, company or person. It helps to specify the objective of a business venture. It also helps to recognise the internal; and external factors of the business entity that help to achieve the objectives (Sevkli et al., 2012). It also helps to analyse the degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the external environment. Strategic planning According to Smith (2012), Strategic planning is an organizational management activity which helps to set priorities and aligning resources with business operation. It also helps to make sure that stakeholders and employees work towards the common goal. As Smith (2012) stated that strategic planning is a disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that gives shapes to an organization. It decides what an organization is all about, what it offers, why it offers that, who it serves. Enterprise architecture According to Bernard (2012), Enterprise Architecture is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes. It is responsible for performing the analysis on business structure and process. It also helps to draw conclusion form the gathered information. Management information systems Management information system concentrates on managing information in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision-making process. As Motro and Smets (2012) stated that, the concept of Management information system (MIS) may include term like expert system, decision support system and executive information system. All these terms have connection with other areas like information technology, e-commerce, information systems, informatics and computer science. Management information system studies organizations, people, technology and the relationships among them. DSS As Bright et al. (2012) mentioned that, Decision Support System (DSS) is computer based information system that enhance the decision making system of an organization. Bright et al. (2012) stated that DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advanced such as Unstructured and Semi-Structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human-powered or a combination of both. Cloud infrastructure According to Nez et al. (2012), Cloud infrastructure is the hardwareandsoftware components such asservers,storage, networking andvirtualizationsoftware that are needed to support the computing requirements of acloud computingmodel. In addition, cloud infrastructures include a software abstraction layer that virtualizes resources and logically presents them to users through programmatic means. Data and text mining As Chen et al. (2012) mentioned that data mining is interdisciplinary field of computer science. Data mining is the computational process involving a large data set at the intersection of database, machine learning, artificial intelligence and statistics. Text mining is also known as text data mining. As Nez et al. (2012) stated that text mining is referred as the process of driving high quality information from text. High quality information can be derived by devising statistical mean and pattern such statistical pattern learning. DMS Data Management System can be defined as the collection of data from multiple sources organised for sharing, distribution, sharing and subnetting. As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, generally Data Management System is found in the form of spoke and hub architecture. There are various products that promote themselves as the part of data management system. They are such as Datamarket, Dataverse, Windows Azure marketplace, Factual. Timeliness, quality, security, scalability and data modelling are the key characteristics of Data Management System. Big data As Chen et al. (2012) stated that, Big data is term use for data sets, which are so large that traditional data processing applications are unable to handle them. There are certain challenges included with Bid Data. They are such as storage, sharing, analysis, data duration, information privacy querying. It has been found that accuracy of big data leads to more confident data decision making. It has been found that better decisions leads to better operational efficiency, reduction of costs and risks. What is meant by the Internet of Things what business value does it create? As Miorandi et al. (2012) stated that, Internet of Things is the network of physical devices, building, vehicles and other device that are embedded with sensors, software, network connectivity and actuators that helps these objects to collect and exchange important data. IoT had been described by the Global Standard initiative as the infrastructure of the information society. It allows objects to be controlled and sensed remotely across the present network infrastructure. As Bonomi et al. (2012) stated that, it provides the opportunity to develop direct integration of the physical world into the computer based system. In the sense of IoT, Things can be referred as the large verity of devices like biochip transponders for firm animal, automobiles with built-in sensors and heart monitoring implants. It is also used for DNA analysis for food and environmental monitoring. According to Miorandi et al. (2012), Things can be describes as the inextricable mixture of software and hardware. It has been found that these devices can help to collect useful data with the help of existing technologies. After that, the data flow autonomously between other devices. Smart thermostat systems and dryers and washers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring system are the example of IoT. Creating business values It helps to seamlessly optimise the resources of an organization. IoT helps to develop connectivity between the software of labour management, plant production levels and virtual employee communities. It helps to deliver comprehensive data with the help of remote devices. It helps to improve resource handling capacity of the device. It provides valuable insight across the product life cycle. With the help of IoT, management of an organization can develop engagement analytics that can provide new product development opportunity to that organization. It can create value for the customers by linking them with the webpage. It helps to create brand loyalty by meeting the needs and desires of customers. Conduct a brief research to discuss and contrast between 4G and 5G Networks. As Qiao et al. (2015) stated that, mobile network technology is moving at an insistent pace. It has been fund that there are two major industry juggernauts, which control the present mobile technology. They are the 4G or Fourth generation wireless and 5G or Fifth Generation wireless technology. Android developers take a close look to both the technologies and try to find out where these technologies intersect. Many researchers also try to find out whether they have clear distinctions or not. The research executive of Ericsson Magnus Frodigh mentioned that, the generation game not only keeps the innovation spirit alive, it also earns the wireless industry precious marketing mileage that would otherwise take billions of dollars. Anatomy of 4G As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that, 4G is also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. 4G wireless technology is the evolution of the existing 3G technology. It has been found that there are two major technologies that enable LTE technology to gain higher data rate than 3G standard. They are OFDM and MIMO. It has been found that Orthogonal Frequency Davison Multiples (OFDM) is a technique of transmission that utilises an enormous amount of closely spaced carriers, which are modulated for low data rates. It provides a spectral scheme of efficiency that provide high data rate. It gives users the permission to share a common channel. On the other hand, Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique helps to improve the spectral efficiency and data throughput with the help of multiple antennas at the receiver and transmitter. As Ratasuk et al. (2015) stated that it uses complex digital signal processing to develop multiple data streams on the same channel. Enter the 5G According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN), 5G is defined as: 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation toward customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases delivered with consistent experience and enabled by sustainable business models. The 5G technology has raised the bar to Massive MIMO technology. This technology uses a large array of radiating materials the antenna matrix to a new level 16x16 to 156x156 MIMO. The major goals of 5G technologies are like: Increasing the capacity 1000 times It supports more than 100 billion connections It gives up to 10 Gbps speed Characteristics 4G 5G Technology It is a combination of LAN/WAN/PAN It is a combination of technologies such as 2G, 3G, LTE, LEE-A, M2M and Wi-Fi. Data Rate Up to 20Mbps Up to 1Gbps Switching Circuit switching and packet switching Circuit switching and packet switching Communication It uses Machine Type Communications (MTC) for the LOT traffic. 5G technology is being designed from grounds up to support MTC like devices. Figure 1: Differences between 4G and 5G technology (Source: Qiao et al., 2015) Overall e-health perspective As Benjamin et al. (2015) stated that, E- Medicine is the clinical medical knowledge base, which was founded by two doctors Richard Lavely and Scott Plantz in the year of 1996. The E- Medicine website consists of more than 6,800 articles. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that each of these articles are associated with anyone of the 62 subspecialty textbooks. For instance, it consists of 14 subspecialty textbooks for Pediatrics. Genetics, Cardiology, endocrinology and pulmonology are the part of these subspecialty textbooks. E-Medicine comprises of 750 articles on e-medicine. As Ring and Ammer (2015) stated that, each of these articles are written by authored certified specialist in the subspecialty in which the article belongs. Each article that belongs in the E-medicine is updated on the date of its publication. Pros and Cons for E-Medicine Advantages E-Medicine is recognised as the most referenced sources (84%) among specialists (Benjamin et al., 2015). The incidence of error and omission per article is half for E-Medicine (0.42) in comparison to MedlinePlus (0.98). It is also very useful for cancer research work. In the year of 2007, it is ranked as the second highest internet based source of information for paediatric neuro-oncology. E-Medicine provides different health related news to consumer on variety of subjects like public health perspectives, information on latest epidemics and health information on travelling abroad. It also provides information about healthy living. It consists of an extensive library of patient education articles (Ring Ammer, 2015). Disadvantages As Benjamin et al. (2015) argued that the quality of online information fluctuates significantly in E-Medicine. It has been found that the rate of fluctuation is from 46% to 84% in comparison with the current text books of medicines. However, e-medicine has some challenges related with reading and navigation procedure as well. The main components of the E- Medicine E-Medicine is actually conceived in 1996 named as Emergency medicine textbook. Since then, its content has expanded considerably. It includes various topic such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology, oncology, physical medicine, preoperative care, rehabilitation, radiology, psychiatry, sports medicine and rheumatology (Ring Ammer, 2015). There are various surgical subspecialties are included in the E-Medicine. They are such as plastic surgery orthopaedic surgery, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, transplantation, thoracic surgery, urology, trauma and vascular surgery. Conclusion It has been found that E-Medicine is one of the most frequently used source of medical information in internet. It has been found that user friendliness and accuracy are the are two major reasons that makes it the most frequently referenced internet sources. It has been found that there are more than 10,000 contributors form various countries helped to create all these articles. It can be operated as an e-book and can be downloaded into smart phones, P.C. or tablets. It includes various topics such as critical care, cardiology, clinical procedures, allergy, immunology, dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, nephrology, infectious diseases, pathology. User friendliness and accuracy makes it more popular among health specialists. However, it has some issues related with the quality of information and navigation system. References Benjamin, I., Griggs, R. C., Wing, E. J., Fitz, J. G. (2015).Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bernard, S. A. (2012).An introduction to enterprise architecture. AuthorHouse. Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S. (2012). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. InProceedings of the first edition of the MCC workshop on Mobile cloud computing(pp. 13-16). ACM. Bright, T. J., Wong, A., Dhurjati, R., Bristow, E., Bastian, L., Coeytaux, R. R., ... Wing, L. (2012). Effect of clinical decision-support systems: a systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,157(1), 29-43. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), 1165-1188. Gligor, D. M., Holcomb, M. C. (2012). Understanding the role of logistics capabilities in achieving supply chain agility: a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 438-453. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges.Ad Hoc Networks,10(7), 1497-1516. Motro, A., Smets, P. (2012).Uncertainty management in information systems: from needs to solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Nez, A., Vzquez-Poletti, J. L., Caminero, A. C., Casta, G. G., Carretero, J., Llorente, I. M. (2012). iCanCloud: A flexible and scalable cloud infrastructure simulator.Journal of Grid Computing,10(1), 185-209. Qiao, J., Shen, X. S., Mark, J. W., Shen, Q., He, Y., Lei, L. (2015). Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G cellular networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(1), 209-215. Ratasuk, R., Prasad, A., Li, Z., Ghosh, A., Uusitalo, M. A. (2015). Recent advancements in M2M communications in 4G networks and evolution towards 5G. InIntelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN), 2015 18th International Conference on(pp. 52-57). IEEE. Ring, E. F. J., Ammer, K. (2015). The technique of infrared imaging in e-medicine. InInfrared Imaging. IOP Publishing. Sevkli, M., Oztekin, A., Uysal, O., Torlak, G., Turkyilmaz, A., Delen, D. (2012). Development of a fuzzy ANP based SWOT analysis for the airline industry in Turkey.Expert Systems with Applications,39(1), 14-24. Smith, R. D. (2012).Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Wu, H. Y. (2012). Constructing a strategy map for banking institutions with key performance indicators of the balanced scorecard.Evaluation and Program Planning,35(3), 303-320.